Unidad 2 - Estructura de la oracion

POKA - YOKE

Poka-yoke (ポカヨケ?) [poka joke] is a Japanese term that means "fail-safing" or "mistake-proofing". A poka-yoke is any mechanism in a lean manufacturing process that helps an equipment operator avoid (yokeru) mistakes (poka). Its purpose is to eliminate product defects by preventing, correcting, or drawing attention to human errors as they occur. The concept was formalised, and the term adopted, by Shigeo Shingo as part of the Toyota Production System. It was originally described as baka-yoke, but as this means "fool-proofing" (or "idiot-proofing") the name was changed to the milder poka-yoke.

Poka-yoke can be implemented at any step of a manufacturing process where something can go wrong or an error can be made. For example, a jig that holds pieces for processing might be modified to only allow pieces to be held in the correct orientation, or a digital counter might track the number of spot welds on each piece to ensure that the worker executes the correct number of welds.

Shigeo Shingo recognized three types of poka-yoke for detecting and preventing errors in a mass production system:

1.The contact method identifies product defects by testing the product's shape, size, color, or other physical attributes.

2.The fixed-value (or constant number) method alerts the operator if a certain number of movements are not made.

3.The motion-step (or sequence) method determines whether the prescribed steps of the process have been followed.

Either the operator is alerted when a mistake is about to be made, or the poka-yoke device actually prevents the mistake from being made. In Shingo's lexicon, the former implementation would be called a warning poka-yoke, while the latter would be referred to as a control poka-yoke.


EJERCICIO

1.-  Escribe cual es la idea principal y escribe con tus propias palabras que dice el texto en español.

      Trata de los inicios de la metodologia Poka Yoke

Poka Yoke es un termino Japones que significa "Sin Riesgo de Errores" o "A prueba de Errores". Un poka-yoke es cualquier mecanismo en un proceso de manufactura que ayuda a un operador de equipos a evitar (yokeru) errores (poka). Su proposito es eliminar los defectos de los productos previniendo, corrigiendo o alertando los errores de los humanos mientras ocurren. El concepto fue formalizado y el termino adoptado por Shigeo Shingo como parte del sistema de produccion de Toyota.  Fue nombrado originalmente como baka-yoke, pero como esto significa a prueba de idiotas el nombre fue cambiado a algo mas suave poka-yoke.

Poka-yoke puede ser implementado en cualquier paso de un proceso de manufactura donde algo puede salir mal o pueda suceder un errror. Por ejemplo, una plantilla que tiene piezas para procesar puede ser modificada para solo permitir piezas que sean colocadas en la orientacion correcta, o un contador digital puede  localizar el numero de puntos de soldaduras en cada pieza para asegurar que el trabajador ejecute el numero correcto de soldaduras.

2.-  Selecciona tres oraciones e indica:
-  Frase nomina, pre y post modificadores y nucleo
-  Frase verbal, nucleo
-  Tiempo verbal de la oracion.

1.-   A poka-yoke is any mechanism in a lean manufacturing process 
- Frase nominal:  A poka-yoke
- Pre modificadores: A
- Post modificadores:
- Nucleo: poka-yoke
- Frase verbal:  is any mechanism in a lean manufacturing process
- Nucleo: is
- Tiempo verbal: Presente Simple

2.-   It was originally described as baka-yoke
- Frase nominal:  It
- Pre modificadores:
- Post modificadores:
- Nucleo: It
- Frase verbal:  was originally described as baka-yoke
- Nucleo: was
- Tiempo verbal: Pasado Simple

3.-   The fixed-value (or constant number) method alerts the operator if a certain number of movements are not made
- Frase nominal:  The fixed-value (or constant number) method
- Pre modificadores: The fixed-value (or constant number)
- Post modificadores:
- Nucleo: method
- Frase verbal:  alerts the operator if a certain number of movements are not made
- Nucleo: alerts
- Tiempo verbal: Presente Simple




3.-  Busca 2 ejemplos de elementos referenciales
- Pronombres demostrativos: this
- Conectores:  but,  where